Post-NEC: PDP Embraces Peace, Charts Way Forward

Chuks Okocha writes that the main opposition party, the People’s Democratic Party, seems to have found its peace and appears united ahead of a national convention in Ibadan, the Oyo State capital in November, 2025.

At last, the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP)  successfully held it’s 101th National Executive Committee (NEC) meeting without any rancour with various stakeholders suggesting way forward to make the party stronger and united as well as position it ahead of the 2027 general elections.

Specifically, speakers at both the NEC and stakeholders’ meetings in Abuja last week said the only way that could guarantee the party’s rebound and taken serious is through a transparent national convention devoid of impunity and imposition of leaders.

They also suggested that the leadership of the party should in zoning of it’s elective offices both nationally and at party level be guided by the mood of the nation.

This was why the 101th NEC meeting decided to increase the membership of the zoning committee to reflect the mood of the nation.

Under the circumstances, the zoning committee was ensured to have a member from each of the 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory, and another additional member from each of the six geo-political zones and three members to represent the leadership of the party.

This enlarged group is expected to meet with the existing zoning committee to decide which zones of the federation will produce the leaders of the offices of the party as well as the zone to produce the presidential candidate of the party.

The Board of Trustees of the party also used the NEC meeting to caution members against personal opinions that could suggest that a decision has been taken on crucial issues of the party.

One thing that was constant at the NEC meeting was the unanimity of members to ensure a transparent national convention come November 16, 2025 in the ancient city of Ibadan, Oyo State.

Also, the chairman of the PDP Board of Trustees (BoT), Senator Adolphus Wabara represented by the Secretary, Senator Ahmed Makarfi, said the stakeholders and NEC meetings held last Wednesday and Thursday have started yielding results.

Wabara noted that, ‘’These meetings are very, very critical. We thank God that stability has returned to the party. We have to build on that stability, but we must never take things for granted, because for one reason or the other, some of our friends and associates have left us.

“I don’t believe they have left us for good. I believe, when you look at the agenda, the success of the items scheduled is what will bring most of them back. I cannot say all of them, we can even bring new hands into the PDP.

‘’So the ball is in our court, not only to discuss and approve the items on the agenda, but to make sure the outcome of the scheduled National Convention sends a strong positive message to Nigerians, because that is what is going to define the political landscape in this country.

‘’I urge all members to be cautious of what they say or do. Some cannot be working to rebuild the party, and some trying to de-market it.

‘’There is a difference between personal opinion and party position. If anybody is speaking on personal opinion, he or she should say so. The party has formal organs for speaking, and that should be respected.

‘’We must never show to the public that we are a group that anybody can do what he or she likes anytime and anyhow. We must be cautious of each other by what we do or what we don’t do as we move forward.

‘’I will also advise that, yes, we may have differences, we should be conscious in expressing opinions, even on those who have left us, because what we want is for them to come back now or very, very soon.

‘’Mr. Chairman, we know that some people are aggrieved, but we don’t have to come down and pull down whatever our grievances may be. If we work together, the convention should resolve all grievances. It’s an opportunity, and we must not miss it.

“We should be patient and make use of it. May God Almighty guide this meeting and subsequent missions, and may God Almighty shower and crown our efforts with victory in whatever we set out for ourselves,’’ he stated.

Toeing the same line, Governor Bala Mohammed of Bauchi state who also repudiated the level of indiscipline within the PDP said, ‘’Only a transparent and a successful national convention will help heal this self-inflicted wound. We would be taken serious as a party when we conduct a transparent and successful national convention. This would be a game changer for us.

‘’This is a long way we have travelled. This is how PDP is known, a party with a history, with a logo that has not changed over the years. The party that has shown resilience, and we have the governors solidly behind all the organs of the party. We don’t have to make a lot of noise.

“We are working behind the scene, behind the NWC, behind the BoT, the caucuses of the National Assembly and the six chapters to ensure that we remain intact and provide a credible platform for Nigerians to actualise their aspirations.

‘’As the BoT Secretary has said, this is not time for calling names. This is not time for abusers. We sympathise with those who became impatient and left but certainly they will understand and we would still leave the door ajar for them to come in when they wish to, within a time limit.

‘’We will not continue to condone indiscipline in this place, because indiscipline is what brought us all the problems and challenges. Definitely, the party has shown resilience, and the governors are going through a lot of challenges, just like the NWC. We will continue to express confidence in the organs of the party.

“Now with the necessary recognition by the regulator INEC, at the end of the day, we’ll give the APC political party a run for their money in terms of contest that will be given on a level playing field with a party that is intact, and also give answer to our people wishing to come in.

‘’In terms of whatever permutation or conjecture we call it, whether it is coalition, whether it is alliance, it is the PDP that should be able to drive it, because it is the main opposition party,’’ Mohammed stated.

On his part, former Senate President, Dr Bukola Saraki who has been doing a great job to ensure a united PDP said, “Our great party, the PDP, successfully held its 101st National Executive Committee (NEC) meeting today. Several issues were successfully resolved during the meeting.

“These include the constitution of a committee to organise the National Convention, which has now been fixed for November 15th and 16th in Ibadan, Oyo State, and the setting up of the Zoning Committee for allocation of party offices to the various geo-political zones.

“The meeting saw the returned National Secretary, Senator Sam Anyanwu, and the Acting National Chairman, Ambassador Umar Damagum, working together peacefully with the rest of the NWC members.

“This will finally allay the fears of those who speculated that the national secretary would return to frustrate the party’s move to hold a successful NEC meeting and undermine the efforts to hold a national convention.

“To confirm that the party is toeing the path of legality and following due process, we invited observers from the regulator, INEC to witness the deliberations at the NEC meeting. This is a milestone for us as a party.

“I am particularly elated that with the success of today’s meeting, the Reconciliation and Strategy Committee headed by me has achieved parts of the mandate given to us by the PDP Governors Forum on May 12, 2025.

“We were mandated to clear all obstacles preventing the party from holding its NEC meeting and moving on to have a hitch-free national convention.

“The outcome of today’s meeting is an indication that our committee is delivering on our assignment. The NEC meeting was successfully held. Also, the machinery for a successful convention has been set in motion,” he said.

Saraki, however, explained that, “What is left is for all of us to continue working towards the success of the national convention in Ibadan. I am very sure that all is set for the PDP to move into a new frontier as a solid platform that will truly serve Nigeria and provide good governance for her people.”

Flowing from this, the party’s national publicity secretary, Debo Ologunagba, who signed the NEC meeting’s communique, stated that the party leadership expressed satisfaction with the resolution of internal disputes, describing it as a demonstration of the PDP’s commitment to dialogue and unity.

He added that the party remains united, strong, and well-positioned to offer a credible alternative to the All Progressives Congress (APC).

The NEC further expressed concern over reports of PDP members participating in the activities of other political parties and called for renewed loyalty, discipline, and commitment to the party’s ideals.

The party also reaffirmed its willingness to collaborate with like-minded individuals and groups in what it described as a collective effort to rescue Nigeria from the APC-led administration.

How far the PDP will go in implementing the aforementioned resolutions would depend on the outcome of the party’s national convention already scheduled for November 16, 2025 in Ibadan.

​  

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    Osun Monarch Jailed in U.S. Over $4.2m Covid-19 Loan Fraud

    Osun Monarch Jailed in U.S. Over $4.2m Covid-19 Loan Fraud

    The Apetu of Ipetumodu in Osun State, Oba Joseph Oloyede, has been sentenced to more than four years in prison in the United States, over a multi-million-dollar Covid-19 loan fraud.

    Oloyede, 62, who holds dual Nigerian and U.S. citizenship and resides in Medina, Ohio, was on Monday, August 26, 2025, handed a 56-month prison term by U.S. District Judge Christopher A. Boyko.

    According to a statement by the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Northern District of Ohio, the traditional ruler was also ordered to serve three years of supervised release after completing his jail term, and to pay $4,408,543.38 in restitution. In addition, he forfeited his Medina home on Foote Road, which investigators said was acquired with fraud proceeds, as well as an extra $96,006.89 recovered from the scheme.

    Prosecutors said Oloyede led a conspiracy to exploit Covid-19 emergency loan programmes set up by the U.S. Government, to support struggling businesses during the pandemic. Between April 2020 and February 2022, Oloyede and his accomplice, Edward Oluwasanmi, submitted fraudulent applications for loans under the Small Business Administration (SBA) scheme funded by the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act.

    In April, both men pleaded guilty to wire fraud and tax fraud in connection with the pandemic relief scam, which siphoned more than $4.2 million in Federal stimulus funds.

    Court records showed that Oloyede, who also worked as a tax preparer, operated five businesses and one nonprofit, while Oluwasanmi ran three entities. Together, they filed loan applications using falsified information and secured about $1.2 million for Oluwasanmi’s companies and $1.7 million for Oloyede’s businesses.

    The post Osun Monarch Jailed in U.S. Over $4.2m Covid-19 Loan Fraud appeared first on THISDAYLIVE.

    ​  

    The Apetu of Ipetumodu in Osun State, Oba Joseph Oloyede, has been sentenced to more than four years in prison in the United States, over a multi-million-dollar Covid-19 loan fraud.
    The post Osun Monarch Jailed in U.S. Over $4.2m Covid-19 Loan Fraud appeared first on THISDAYLIVE.

    Indecent Assault: Rising Scourge Against Female Dignity

    Indecent Assault: Rising Scourge Against Female Dignity

    Nigerian women have always been vulnerable, to domestic and workplace violence. But, sadly, there is an apparent increase in the number of incidents and reports of public indecent assault on Nigerian women. Some of these incidents involved young women who were video recorded while being humiliated, assaulted and beaten, mostly by men. Their clothes were then torn, their private areas exposed, and the video recordings of the unfortunate incidents disseminated, going viral on social media. These days, this appears to be occurring once too often. The question now being asked is, why women are being deliberately targeted for violent attacks resulting in nakedness, amounting to a breach of Section 34(1)(a) of the 1999 Constitution which guarantees the right of every individual against torture or inhuman and degrading treatment. Professor Joy Ngozi Ezeilo, SAN; Mandy Demechi-Asagba; Uju Peace Okeke and Okechukwu Nwanguma examine this issue holistically, discussing its causes and effects, proffering possible solutions to end this disgraceful trend, including enacting laws specifically criminalising such unacceptable behaviour   

    We Demand Dignity for Women 

    Professor Joy Ngozi Ezeilo, SAN

    Introduction

    Why do some men, especially those tasked with protecting  us,  choose to target women and violate their dignity? 

    The viral video of the female Youth Corper in Anambra State, Jennifer Elohor Edema, is a stark call for accountability: those responsible must be held to account. Who filmed this outrage, and who spread it? The answer, disturbingly, points to the security personnel themselves. This demands urgent action. 

    Every woman deserves respect for her dignity, her privacy, and her bodily autonomy. Let us stand up for women’s sanctuary, because justice means protecting everyone’s humanity. We demand safe cities for women. The current state of impunity, must come to an end.

     Professor Ngozi Ezeilo, SAN, former Dean, University of Nigeria; former United Nations Special Rapporteur on Human Trafficking

    The Growing Trend of Wilful Physical Assault/ Indecent Exposure of Females in Nigeria: A Discourse

    Mandy Demechi-Asagba

    Introduction

    Violence Against Women in Nigeria: A Prevalent Issue

    In Nigeria, a significant proportion of women have experienced various forms of violence, with approximately one-third encountering violence and one-fifth suffering physical violence. Recent studies (2020-2025), highlight a disturbing trend of high sexual assault rates. Notably, a 2022 study in Dutse found that 88.3% of 283 reported cases were confirmed sexual assaults, primarily affecting children and adolescents.

    Statistics from Lagos State

    A recent report from Lagos State reveals 8,692 cases of domestic and sexual violence were reported between August 2024 and July 2025. Breakdown: 

    * Domestic Violence:  3,685 cases

    * Defilement: 243 cases

    * Child Abuse/Physical Assault: 244 cases

    * Rape: 99 cases

    * Sexual Harassment: 48 cases

    * Sexual Assault by Penetration: 25 cases

    The extant cases of wilful and intentional Criminal Exposure/assault with intent to humiliate and shame the victims (Comfort Emmanson, the Ibom Airline case and Jennifer Elohor Edema, the Youth Corper in Anambra) leaves one in consternation not knowing who the next victim will be. These statistics which reveal the recent surge in cases of criminal assault/exposure on females in Nigeria, underscores the need for sustained efforts to address violence against women and girls in Nigeria.

    This disturbing trend, has reached an intolerable crescendo that warrants urgent attention and collective action. The brutal treatment of Miss Jennifer Elohor in Anambra State, who was beaten, her clothes torn, and dragged naked, is a stark reminder of the vulnerability of women and girls in our society. Similarly, the Comfort Emmanson case in Ibom Air, highlights the need for a national discourse on this issue. This discourse aims to examine the underlying causes of this trend, its impact on victims, and propose strategies to prevent and address these inhumane and degrading treatments. It is a violation of right to human dignity and also a criminal act – (criminal assault/exposure, dehumanisation, grievous harm et al).

    What is Assault? 

    Section 170  (1): A person who 

    (a)strikes, touches, moves or otherwise applies force of any kind to the person of another, either directly or indirectly, without his/her consent; or 

    (b) by any bodily act, gesture, attempts or threatens to apply force of any kind to the person of another without his/her consent, in such circumstances that the person making the attempt or threatens has actual or apparent ability to effect his purpose is said to assault that other person.

    (2) the term ‘applies force’ includes …,,,….the case of applying heat, light, electrical force, gas, odour or any other substance or thing whatsoever in such a degree as to cause injury or personal discomfort.

    Unlawful Assault

    Section 171 (1): An assault is unlawful and constitutes an offence unless it is authorised  or excused by law.

    It is an offence therefore, for any person or group of persons or authority, to intentionally or recklessly assault someone, be it Ibom Air, and or Vigilantes causing actual bodily harm and/ or emotional harm or stigma. Same is punishable upon conviction with 1- 7 years imprisonment or more, depending on the gravity of the harm occasioned. 

    See Sections 170, 171(1), 172, 173 and 245 of  the Criminal Law of Lagos State 2015.

    Section 173: Any person who unlawfully assaults another and thereby does him harm commits a felony and is liable on conviction to imprisonment for three (3) years.

    Section 245: Any person who unlawfully does grievous harm to another commits a felony and is liable on conviction to imprisonment for seven (7) years.

    The offence of indecent exposure is provided in Section 26 of the VAPP Act: a person who intentionally exposes his or her genital organs or a substantial part thereof, with the intention of causing distress to the other party, or that another person seeing it may be tempted or induced to commit an offence under this Act, commits an offence termed ‘indecent exposure’ and is liable on conviction to imprisonment of not more than one year, or to a fine of  not more than N500,000.00 or both. These  Laws need urgent amendment, to be all encompassing: We propose: 

    Proposed Amendments 

    It is an offence to intentionally or recklessly assault someone causing actual bodily harm and or bodily exposure. Punishable on conviction with not less than 10 years imprisonment depending on the gravity of the injury and or exposure occasioned.

    “A person who intentionally exposes his or her genital organs and or exposes the genital organs or any private organ/organs or a substantial part thereof of another, with the intention of causing distress to the other party, or that another person seeing it may be tempted or induced to commit an offence or to shame the victim under this Act, commits an offence termed ‘indecent exposure’ and is liable on conviction to imprisonment not more than 10 years or to a fine not less  than N10,000.000.00 or both”, to serve as a deterrent. 

    Causes of Indecent Criminal Assault on Females

    1. Patriarchal attitudes and gender stereotypes: Deep-seated patriarchal norms and stereotypes perpetuate violence against women and girls, normalising their subordination and objectification.

    2. Lack of effective law enforcement: Inadequate implementation of laws and policies protecting women’s rights, emboldens perpetrators.

    3. Cultural and social norms: Harmful cultural practices and social norms condone violence against women, making it difficult for victims to seek help.

    4. Limited access to justice: Victims often face barriers in accessing justice, including lack of awareness, fear of stigma, and inadequate support systems.

    5. Poverty:  Economic instability exacerbates vulnerability to violence.

    6. Failure to report abuse: This is a licence for continuous abuse and a snag on adequate data to aid policy formulations and planning. 

    6. Insecurity: Weak security structures fail to protect women and girls.

    7. Weak Institutions: Inadequate law enforcement and policy implementation, hinder effective response to violence.

    8. Gaps in Policy Enforcement: Insufficient enforcement of laws and policies protecting women’s rights, overwhelms reporting agencies like NAPTIP.

    Impact on Victims

    1. Physical and emotional trauma:  Victims suffer physical harm, emotional distress, and long-term psychological trauma.

    2. Loss of dignity and self-worth: Indecent assault can lead to feelings of shame, guilt, and low self-esteem.

    3. Social stigma and isolation: Victims may face social exclusion, stigma, and isolation, exacerbating their trauma.

    4. Suicidal thoughts and suicide.

    Strategies to Prevent and Address Indecent Assault

    1. Strengthening laws and policies: Review and strengthen laws protecting women’s rights, ensuring effective implementation and enforcement.

    2. Public awareness and education: Launch nationwide campaigns to challenge patriarchal attitudes, promote gender equality, and raise awareness about the consequences of criminal indecent assault/exposure.

    3. Support systems and services: Establish accessible support services, including counselling, medical care, and legal aid, for victims of indecent assault.

    4. Community engagement and mobilisation: Engage community leaders, traditional institutions, and civil society organisations in promoting women’s rights and preventing violence against women.

    5. Accountability and justice:  Ensure perpetrators are held accountable through swift and fair investigations, prosecutions, and punishment.

    6. Victim support, protection and one-stop shop welfare access: Mental health and health services. 

    7. Unfettered access to justice.

    8. Need to focus on ensuring implementation of laws protecting women – The Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999 (As Amended); The Violence Against Persons Prohibition  (VAPP) Act 2015; Domestic and Sexual Violence Law; the Child’s Rights Act/ Laws; the Criminal Law, National Gender Policy, National Action Plan on United Nations Security Council Resolution (UNSCR) 1325; National Guidelines and Referral Standards on Gender Based Violence and the various Continental and international laws and Conventions, such as the African Charter on Human and People’s Rights Banj 1981; The Maputo Protocol to the African Charter on Human and People’s Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa 2005; African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the African Child (1990); and The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) 1979 (popularly known as the International Bill of Rights); UN Declaration on Violence Against Women 1993; The Child’s Rights Convention, 

    et al. 

    9. Compensation and welfare package for victims of assault. 

    10. The Human Rights Commission and the Citizens Rights Directorates in the various States and the FCT, should rise to the occasion. We also call for adequate funding of these agencies for prompt, efficient and effective intervention 

    Conclusion

    The growing trend of indecent assault on females in Nigeria, is a national crisis that requires a collective response. By understanding the causes, impact, and implementing strategies to prevent and address these, we can work towards creating a society where women and girls are valued, respected, and protected. It is time for Nigerians to come together to condemn these inhumane acts, and work towards a future where every female can live with dignity and safety.

    A Call to Empathy and Action

    Every woman should feel a deep sense of solidarity and outrage, each time a woman is subjected to the dehumanising experience of indecent assault. This heinous act is not just a violation of the individual; it is an affront to the dignity and worth of all women. For the men, be reminded that what goes around comes around. Yesterday, it was Comfort Emmanson, today it is Jennifer Elohor Edema, tomorrow it could be your daughter, sister, wife or mother. Take action now, before it is too late.

    We Must Stand Together

    When one woman is stripped of her dignity, we all lose a piece of our collective humanity. It’s time for us to stand together, united in our condemnation of these inhumane acts, and demand justice, protection, and respect for all women.

    We must foster a culture where women feel empowered to speak out against violence and harassment, and where survivors receive the support and care they need to heal. By doing so, we can create a society that values and respects the dignity and worth of every woman.

    AWLA, FIDA, NBA, National Human Rights Commission, Legal Aid Council, Directorate of Citizen’s Rights, Domestic and Sexual Violence Agency, Child Protection Network, Ministry of Youth and Social Development, Ministry of Women Affairs et al, offer free legal services to women and children whose rights are violated.

    Mandy Demechi-Asagba, President (Worldwide), African Women Lawyers Association (AWLA)

    Ending the Menace of Indecent Assault Against Women

    Uju Peace Okeke

    Introduction

    Human beings are relational in nature and sometimes in these relationships, violence occurs. It can affect everyone and according to World Health Organisation (WHO), contributes nearly 8% to global annual deaths, making it a form of crime in many parts of the world. Though everyone can be a victim of violence, women are more predisposed to it. WHO reports that globally, about 30% of women suffer various forms of violence from intimate partners and non-partners, while United Nations reports that a woman is killed every 10 minutes. In condemnation of violence against women, United Nations Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women, (UNDEVAW) of 1993 was adopted. 

    Violence Against Women (VAW)

    Nigeria may not be said to be a haven for women’s rights, as there are still practices that specifically target women and impact them negatively. These are mostly perpetrated, in the guise of customs and traditions. However, Nigeria could be said to be a work in progress, having ratified International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) in 1985,   UNDEVAW in 1993 and Protocol to the African Charter on Rights of Women in Africa (Maputo Protocol) in 2004. While CEDAW is referred to as Women’s Bill of Rights, as it prohibits all forms of discrimination against women in every sphere of life and calls on State Parties to revise social and cultural patterns driving prejudices and superiority of any sex. UNDEVAW, defined violence against women (VAW), condemned it and specifies obligations of States in its eradication, thus, changing the narratives of VAW as domestic affair to a prohibited act deserving State attention. Maputo Protocol, wearing the African Women lenses, specifically highlights issues that are not envisaged in CEDAW while furthering the UNDEVAW. It dedicates articles prohibiting different forms of VAW, which it defined as 

    “all acts perpetrated against women which cause or could cause them physical, sexual, psychological, and economic harm, including the threat to take such acts; or to undertake the imposition of arbitrary restrictions on or deprivation of fundamental freedoms in private or public life in peace time and during situations of armed conflicts or of war”;

    Violence against Persons (Prohibition) Act (VAPPA) and VAW

    The combined provisions of these treaties cover every form of violence, that a Nigerian woman would ever face. Nigeria enacted the Violence against Persons Prohibition Act (VAPPA) in 2015. Though the VAPPA is not women-specific, but bars every form of violence against everyone, it adopts Maputo Protocol’s definition and outlaws physical violence, economic violence, emotional violence, domestic violence, Harmful Traditional Practices, sexual violence and political violence. It penalises offences inflicting of physical injury, knowingly placing a person in fear of physical injury, stalking, substance attack, indecent exposure, among others.

    Recently, VAW seems to be on the increase, as the media inundates us with such news. VAW is totally despicable, but the recent tactics of stripping the victim naked is abominable. Recently, Ms Comfort Emmanson, a passenger on Ibom Air had her breasts exposed to the whole world, during an altercation with the cabin crew. Another lady, Jennifer Elohor  Edema was stripped naked by the Anambra State Vigilantes. Both acts constitute different forms of violence – physical, sexual, emotional, and economic, as well as cyber-violence. Physical violence is an act of physical aggression towards a woman or a girl, whether extreme or insignificant. VAPPA defines physical violence to include assault, harassment, etc. Circulated videos of the two incidents, showed physical assault on the ladies. They were both placed in fear of physical injury, while Jennifer suffered serious physical injury. 

    Sexual violence is the violation of a woman’s sexual integrity, and could be in the form of sexual assault of unlawful touching, striking, sexual harassment of unwanted persistent conduct of a sexual nature whether physical or verbal. From the circulated videos, Jennifer seemed to have been struck in different parts of her body, including her breasts and other parts, which amounted to unwanted sexual harassment. The videos could also affect them maritally, and since marriage is the official platform for the exercise of sexual rights in this part of the world, that act constitutes sexual violence. 

    Emotional violence is a pattern of humiliating conduct towards a woman or girl. It is a manifestation of power imbalance, wherein the perpetrator uses it to maintain control over the victim. In both cases, the exposure of their bodies was a way of ridiculing and insulting the ladies. 

    Economic violence, is the deprivation of economic resources. That act is capable of depriving them of means of livelihood. For instance, Comfort said in a video that she has been too ashamed to go about her business of real estate. Where they have no means of earning livelihood, they will be forced to be economically dependent on others. 

    Technological advancement saw videos of both incidents being spread on social media, constituting cyber-violence.

    Treaty Ratification

    Ratification of a treaty imposes on ratifying States, three obligations – duty to respect, duty to protect and duty to fulfil. With respect to the issue at hand, the duty to respect entails that Nigeria should, through actions and inactions, desist from interfering with women’s enjoyment of violence-free life provided in these treaties. It follows that State actors, agents and representatives of Government should not be caught in any act of violence against women. Jennifer Elohor was assaulted by agents of the Anambra State Government, and by the doctrine of vicarious liability, the act was done by the Government. It follows that, Government failed in its duty to respect. The duty to protect means that Nigeria should protect her female citizens, whether individually or in groups, from third parties who will interfere with their enjoyment of rights provided in these treaties by subjecting them to any form of violence. It does not matter, whether these third parties are private or public. These third parties are non-State actors and could be religious groups, business, cultural groups, schools and even families. It is the duty of Nigeria, to protect Comfort from the assault by staff of the airline. 

    The duty to fulfil is to the effect that, Nigeria must take a positive step in ensuring the enjoyment of these rights by Nigerian women and girls. In other words, Nigeria is expected to put its money where its mouth is, by taking some steps with regard to this issue. This step could be legislative, financial, among other measures. This will include enacting laws that will protect women and girls, as well as repealing existing ones that violate their rights; adopting female-friendly policies in different areas of life; eliminating cultural and social practices that negate these rights; increasing budgetary allocation for matters concerning women and girls; and establishing special courts to handle violation of their rights where necessary. 

    Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999 (as amended) (CFRN) and Gender Lenses

    The essence of ratification of treaties is to replicate them in domestic laws so that citizens of States Parties to the treaties would enjoy the benefits; consequently, Nigeria is expected to domesticate these treaties by enacting domestic laws that reflect the provisions of CEDAW, UNDEVAW and Maputo Protocol. This could be in the form of a Women’s Act. Nigeria has no specific holistic law for women and girls, but has different laws dealing with issues of everyone including females. The question is, whether this is sufficient. The answer must be in the negative, because women have peculiar issues which can only be addressed when law makers wear gender lenses. Gender blindness in legislation, will always shortchange women. An instance is Section 42 of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999 (as amended) (CFRN) which is the nondiscrimination section, prohibiting discrimination on six grounds of ‘particular community, ethnic group, place of origin, sex, religion or political opinion’. Though this section prohibits discrimination on the ground of sex which would imply discrimination on the basis of biological sex of male and female, yet the same section provides ‘(1) A citizen of Nigeria of a particular community, ethnic group, place of origin, sex, religion or political opinion shall not, by reason only that he is such a person…’ (Underlining mine for emphasis). The use of ‘he’ makes this same section discriminatory because, though it prohibits discrimination on the ground of sex, ‘he’ is a pronoun that covers only males, thus, neglecting females. If the nondiscriminatory section is discriminatory against women, it will not be surprising to find more specific women-discriminatory provisions in the CFRN. If the CFRN, being supreme, binding on all authorities and persons and the foundation of all laws and policies in the land is discriminatory against women, what can be said of other laws? The Bible in Psalm 11: 3 says ‘If the foundations be destroyed, what can the righteous do?’ in this instance, if the foundational document is discriminatory against women, what can Nigerian women do?

    Other Laws and Gender Lenses

    The VAPPA earlier discussed prohibits violence against everyone. It prohibits indecent exposure in Section 26. This is explained in the definition section to mean, ‘intentional exposure of the genital organs… with the intention of causing distress to the other party’. The videos of two incidents earlier discussed, where Nigerian ladies were assaulted, and their breasts revealed. While breasts are not primary genital organs, they are accessory organs of the female reproductive system, serving functional and sexual purposes in females. The videos distressed reasonable Nigerians. Being that VAPPA is gender blind, it penalises one that exposes her/his genitalia but not the person(s) who exposes the genitalia of another, as shown in the foregoing examples, this provision shortchanged these women whose breasts were exposed, thereby re-victimising them.

    Further, the Criminal Code Act (CCA) in Section 353 describes the unlawful and indecent assault of a male person as a felony attracting 3 years’ imprisonment, while a similar offence on a woman or girl is a misdemeanour (a lesser offence) attracting only 2 years’ imprisonment. The distinction in severity of punishment seems to be based on the sex of the victims, implying that the provision protects male victims of indent assault better than female victims, despite the fact that researches have shown that most victims of indecent sexual assault are women.

    Conclusion

    The ripple effect of the discrimination fuelled by the evident female-based discrimination of Section 42 of the CFRN is visible in VAPPA, CCA and other laws and policies. It also manifests in victim blaming, inadequate responses from criminal justice institutions, as well as cultural and religious practices that normalise violence against women. It follows that if the CFRN had worn gender lenses, by removing the gender discriminatory language, other laws and practices would have followed suit and the discriminatory CCA provision on indecent assault against females would have been long amended. The gendering of VAPPA, would also have protected women and girls better. 

    Generally, violence against women is insidious making its prevention and eradication difficult, but the current trend of stripping female victims of violence is seriously begging for immediate, urgent attention, as it violates constitutionally guaranteed right to the dignity of human person which ordinarily means right to be treated like a human being. It also exposes the failure of the Nigerian Government to perform its treaty ratification obligations to CEDAW, UNDEVAW and Maputo Protocol of respect, protect and fulfil. 

    Uju Peace Okeke, Lecturer, Women, Children and the Law at the Faculty of Law, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus

    Confronting the Growing Trend of Indecent Assault on Women in Nigeria

    Okechukwu Nwanguma 

    In recent years, Nigeria has witnessed an alarming rise in cases of indecent assault and public humiliation of women under the guise of enforcing discipline, punishing alleged misconduct, or delivering instant “justice”. Women are being beaten, stripped naked, paraded in public, and filmed for social media circulation. This dangerous phenomenon not only violates fundamental human rights, but also entrenches misogyny, deepens gender inequality, and undermines the dignity of Nigerian women.

    Questions for National Debate

    1. Why are women disproportionately targeted, for such degrading treatment?

    2. How do we dismantle the culture of impunity, that emboldens both State actors and mobs? 

    3. Should Nigeria establish a special tribunal or task force to prosecute gender-based public humiliations? 

    4. What role can civil society, religious leaders, and traditional institutions play in shifting harmful cultural norms?

    5. How can the media be mobilised to protect, rather than shame, victims?

    Disturbing Case Studies 

    The ordeal of Miss Jennifer Elohor Edema, a Youth Corps member in Anambra State, illustrates the depth of this crisis. She was brutally beaten, her clothes torn, and dragged naked in public by operatives of Agunechemba, the State-backed security outfit. This barbaric act – committed against a young woman serving her country – is both a crime and an assault on Nigeria’s collective conscience.

    Similarly, the Ibom Air incident involving Miss Comfort Emmanson, highlights how easily women can be humiliated and assaulted in public spaces for flimsy reasons. In both cases, women were not treated as citizens deserving of dignity and due process, but as objects to be subdued and shamed.

     Tragically, such incidents are not isolated. Across Nigeria, countless unnamed women – accused of petty theft, quarrels, or perceived “misconduct” – have been stripped, flogged, and paraded before jeering crowds.

    Why does this Happen? 

     Several factors sustain this disturbing trend:

    1. Culture of Impunity – Perpetrators, whether security agents, vigilante groups, or mobs, rarely face consequences. This emboldens repetition. 

    2. Patriarchal Norms – Deep-seated cultural attitudes normalise violence against women, and justify public humiliation as “discipline”. 

    3. Unregulated Security Outfits – State-backed vigilantes often operate without training, oversight, or codes of conduct, descending into lawlessness.

    4. Mob Justice Mentality – Communities normalise public humiliation, as a substitute for lawful justice. 

    5. Spectacle and Social Media – Recording and online circulation of women’s humiliation fuels further assaults, turning abuse into entertainment. 

    6. Weak State Institutions – A slow and indifferent justice system leaves victims without redress, perpetuating cycles of abuse.

    The Legal Framework

    Indecent assault and public humiliation of women are not only morally reprehensible, but explicitly unlawful under 

    Nigerian and international law:

    1999 Constitution (as amended) – Section 34 guarantees the right to dignity and prohibits torture, inhuman, or degrading treatment.

    Violence Against Persons (Prohibition) Act, 2015 (VAPP Act) – Criminalises all forms of violence, including sexual harassment, harmful traditional practices, and degrading treatment.

    Criminal and Penal Codes – Prohibit assault, battery, and acts that cause harm or indecency.

     CEDAW (Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women) and the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights – Ratified by Nigeria, obligating the state to protect women from degrading treatment.

     ACJA/ACJL – Provide frameworks for due process and lawful investigation, rejecting mob or vigilante “justice.”

    Yet, enforcement remains weak, and perpetrators frequently escape justice.

    The Human Cost 

    The consequences are devastating:

    – Psychological trauma that can last a lifetime.

    – Stigma and social ostracism, where victims are shamed instead of protected. 

    – Erosion of trust in State institutions, especially when perpetrators wear State uniforms.

     – Perpetuation of inequality, silencing women, and reinforcing vulnerability.

    What Should Be the State’s Response? 

     Nigeria must act decisively to halt this dangerous trend:

    1. Legal Prohibition – Explicitly criminalise public stripping, parading, or indecent assault under Federal and State laws.

    2. Accountability – Investigate and prosecute perpetrators, including security operatives and vigilantes.  

    3. Oversight of Security Outfits – Regulate, train, and monitor community security groups, in line with human rights standards.

    4. Public Sensitisation – Launch national campaigns to dismantle patriarchal narratives that normalise the humiliation of women.

    5. Support for Survivors – Provide legal aid, psychosocial support, and compensation for victims. 

    6. Institutional Strengthening – Empower the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC), NAPTIP, and gender agencies to act swiftly in cases of abuse.

    A Call to Action 

    The indecent assault and humiliation of women is not just a women’s issue – it is a national disgrace and a human rights emergency. It undermines the rule of law, weakens social cohesion, and perpetuates inequality.

    Nigeria cannot claim to be a democracy, while its women are stripped of dignity in broad daylight. The cases of Miss Jennifer in Anambra and Miss Comfort on Ibom Air, must mark a turning point. They should galvanise us into creating a Nigeria where dignity is non-negotiable, and no woman is ever again dragged naked in the streets as punishment.

    The time has come for all stakeholders – Government, civil society, religious leaders, traditional rulers, and communities 

    Okechukwu Nwanguma,  Executive Director, Rule of Law and Accountability Advocacy Centre (RULAAC)

    The post Indecent Assault: Rising Scourge Against Female Dignity appeared first on THISDAYLIVE.

    ​  

    Nigerian women have always been vulnerable, to domestic and workplace violence. But, sadly, there is an apparent increase in the number of incidents and reports of public indecent assault on
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